Typhoid is a bacterial disease characterized by a continued classical fever. It is world wide i.e. cosmopolitan in distribution. Due to poor sanitation. It is caused by bacillus bacterium called Salmonella typhi. It is commonly found in intestine of man, so typhoid fever is also called enteric fever. It mainly attacks in 1-15 years age group each year of 20% people. Typhoid fever is a protracted disease featuring bacteremai(first week). Widespread reticuloendothelial involvement with splenomegaly and foci of necrosis in the liver(second week). Ulceration of peyer patches with intestinal bleeding and ulceration (third week). Gall bladder colonization produces a chronic carrier state. Chronic infection also may affect the joints, bones, meninges and other sites. The causative agent is Salmonella typhi. This species is a major cause and common source of enterocolitis, producing localized mucosal disease in the ileum and colon. S. typhimurium is the archetypal organisms that invades peyer patches and produces local ulceration over massively enlarged lymphoid tissue. Life threatening systemic illness is the hallmark of S.typhi, where by small intestinal invasion leads to systemic dissemination. It transmites with direct and indirect contact with patient, with product of vehicles spread and contaminated food and water, raw fruits and vegetables, milk and milk product,beef, eggs and poultry. It incubation period is variable, average 2 weeks, usual ranges 1-3 weeks. Diagnosis is widal test come positive during second week. Treatment is antibiotics like Ampicillin and Chloramphencol. Prevention for it is protection, purification and chlorination of public water supplies, sanitary disposal of human excreta, screening and spraying insecticides, boiling of milk and dary products,health education,immunization,etc.
0 comments:
Post a Comment