Alcoholic beverages are of two types: Fermented;e.g. Beer, Toddy and wine(Red or White). These beverages have low percentage (5-10%) of alcohol. Distilled Beverages; e.g. Rum, Whisky,Vodka, Gin and Brandy etc. Their alcohol content is around 40% or above. Ethyl alcohol is a colourless liquid produced from the fermentation of carbohydrates by Yeast. In medicine, alcohol is used as an antiseptic and a solvent. Effects of Alcohol The alcohol consumed in distilled beverage is ethyl alcohol. It is analgesic, anesthetic and sedative (depressant). Alcohol reduces sugar level in the blood. The effect of alcohol on the central nervous system (Brain and spinal cord) is as depressant. It reduces BP by causing dilation of blood vessels. The prolonged used of alcohol produces Hypertension and Coronary heart disease. It stimulates acid secretion in stomach and causes gastritis and peptic ulcers. Alcohol increases urine output by decreasing the secretion of ADH(anti duiretic hormone). Heavy drinks become dehydrated. Thirst, dry tongue and hangover are associated with effect of alcohol. The main target organ of alcohol is liver. In liver alcohol changes in to acetaldehyde which is utilize by the hepatic cell for energy production. Fatty acid start accumulating and fatty liver syndrome develops. The fibrous tissue makes liver inactive, and the cracks develop. This condition of liver damage is known as Cirrhosis. William shakespeare commented on the effects of alcohol on sexual behavior. It provokes the desire but it takes a was performance. It is a social evil and involves lot of expenditure. The inhibitions in the society are diminished and person may start anti social activities.
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