NEPAL AFTER TEN YEAR

Nepal our great Nepal, know for peace and country of God and Godess has left it's influence and glory over the world which gives the whole a matter of thinking and sight. Nepal that deserves its own political, historical,geagraphical, cultural, social, religious significances and back ground had suffered various ups and downs, crossed various political instabilities unexpected, difficult circumstances. Present Nepal and Nepalese people are the outcome of their own struggle that had underwent suffering from cruel Ranas, various disasters, scarcity and deplorable condition. Nepal, a country of various possibilities and chances, can be one of the...

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AIDS is the burning problem of Nepal

AIDS(Acquired Immuno deficiency Syndrome)is one of the threatening and burning problems of Nepal. Due to the AIDS lots of people died every year in Nepal. Total death of people in Nepal is 50,000 while in the world more than 25 millions. AIDS is sexually transmitted disease and its mainly transmits through unsafe sexual contact with heterosexual partner. If we discuss the present condition of Nepal than it is very worse in every sector of development. Mostly child adopting western cultures. They are involves in drugs addiction. Poverty is the other problems of Nepal. If we talk about education than it is also not so good. Most of the people are...

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THEORIES OF ORGANIC EVOLUTION

From time to time, various theories have been proposed to explain the mechanism of origin and evolution of new species. These include: LAMARCKISM Environment effect J.B. de Lamarck (1744-1829), a French naturalist, who introduced the word biology. He proposed the theory of 'Inheritance of Acquired Characters' in his book entitled Philosophic Zoologique. He was of the view that: Effect of use and disuse organ: Environment influences change of characters of and organism due to change in their needs e.g., in dry soil, the root system of a plant becomes more extensive than in wet soil; plants grown in shade...

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ORGANIC EVOLUTION

Concept of evolution was given by Empedocle and Buffon. Trend of evolution was first explained by Lamarck. Lamarck: Father of evolutionary theories. Evolution means: Gradual change from simple to complex forms with the passage of time. Organic evolution of living beings. Term organic evolution is given by Herbert Spencer. Organic evolution can be defined as:' Adaptations through generations'. Inorganic evolution: Means evolutions of Non-living things eg. evolution of rivers, rocks, Mountains etc. Evolution is defined as historical and developmental race of organisms with variation. The main theme of evolution is Descent with modification i.e....

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Tuberculosis is a great problems of Nepal

It is a communicable chronic granulomatous disease. It is cosmopolitan in distribution. It is common in cigarette smoking tobacco chewing. It usually involves the lungs but may affect any organ or tissue in to the body. It is a very serious chronic bacterial disease. It is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It is common in areas with unhygienic conditions. It parasite attacks lungs so called pulmonary tuberculosis. It includes meningitis, millary tuberculosis and involvement of bones and joints, lymph nodes, kidneys, intestine, larynx or skin. It attacks all age group but epidemics have been reported among mine workers, factory, garments and...

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TYPHOID is being killer be careful

Typhoid is a bacterial disease characterized by a continued classical fever. It is world wide i.e. cosmopolitan in distribution. Due to poor sanitation. It is caused by bacillus bacterium called Salmonella typhi. It is commonly found in intestine of man, so typhoid fever is also called enteric fever. It mainly attacks in 1-15 years age group each year of 20% people. Typhoid fever is a protracted disease featuring bacteremai(first week). Widespread reticuloendothelial involvement with splenomegaly and foci of necrosis in the liver(second week). Ulceration of peyer patches with intestinal bleeding and ulceration (third week). Gall bladder colonization...

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Tobacco Smoking is being culture, nowadays in Nepal

Red Indians first started tobacco smoking in America. Sources of Tobacco Tobacco, whether smoked or chewed, causes addiction due to the presence of Nicotine. Tobacco is the dried leaves of the plant Nicotiana tobacum and Nicotiana rustica. Nicotine is the substance that causes addiction to tobacco. Smoke also contains carbon-mono-Oxide, polycyclic hydrocarbon like N-nitroso-dimethylene,Tar etc. Effects of Tobacco The polycyclic hydrocarbons are carcinogenic. The smoking produces Emphysema and bronchitis. In Emphysema the...

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Alcoholism be aware,near to the death

Alcoholic beverages are of two types: Fermented;e.g. Beer, Toddy and wine(Red or White). These beverages have low percentage (5-10%) of alcohol. Distilled Beverages; e.g. Rum, Whisky,Vodka, Gin and Brandy etc. Their alcohol content is around 40% or above. Ethyl alcohol is a colourless liquid produced from the fermentation of carbohydrates by Yeast. In medicine, alcohol is used as an antiseptic and a solvent. Effects of Alcohol The alcohol consumed in distilled beverage is ethyl alcohol. It is analgesic, anesthetic and sedative (depressant). Alcohol reduces sugar level in the blood. The effect of alcohol on the central...

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Human Diseases(Introduction)

Drug Abuse It is a physical and mental(psychological) dependence on drugs.Such drugs are habit formation and in most of the case the drawl is difficult. The chemicals which alter the functioning of the body is called drugs. The drugs which affect the nervous system are called psychotropic drugs. These can be divided in to two broad categories. Narcotics: They are depressants and decrease the activity of nervous system. Stimulants: They increases the activity of nervous system. They psychotropic drug on the basis of their action can be divided in to 4 groups. Sedatives and tranquillizers: e.g . Barbiturates(used in...

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Classification of organisms

Two Kingdom system Biologists divided the living world in to two kingdom: Plants and Animals. The two kingdom system of classification was also given by Linnaeus in 1758 and worked well for a long time. Three kingdom systemA German biologist Ernst Haeckel (1866) suggested a third kingdom Protista. He included unicellular protozoa and algae in it. Four kingdom systemFour kingdom was developed by Copeland (1956). They are Monera, Protista, Plantae and Animalia. Monera includes Prokaryotes (bacteria and blue algae). Five Kingdom SystemAn American ecologist Robert H. Whittaker proposed that fungi differ enough from other microorganisms...

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History of Classification

Aristotle(384-322), the Greek philosopher, known as father of zoology made the first recorded attempt to classify the animals in his book Historia Animalium. Aristotle made two group: Anaima (animals with no red blood, invertebrates) and Enaima (animals with red blood, vertebrates). Enaima was further divided in to Ovipara and vivipara. John Ray, the naturalist was first to introduce and define the term Animal species. John Ray also developed the key for identification of animals. Linnaeus also recognized that different species could be grouped in to broader categories based on shared characteristics. Any grouping of organisms that shares...

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Chemical Origin of life

Oparin(1922), a Russian bio-chemist opined that complex organic compound like carbohydrates, fatty acids, glycerol, aminoacids and proteins. These complex compounds resulted from the simple compounds under the influence of ultraviolet rays, ionizing radiations, electric charges and heat. Primitive stage of the sea water was called hot dilute soup by Haldane(1928)as it was rich in amino acids, fats and carbohydrates. Coacervates are the large organic molecules which were synthesized abiotically on primitive earth. Due to intemolecular attraction they formed large colloidal aggregates. They were capable of growth and division. Sydney fox(1964)...

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Biological Evolution (Oparin)

He suggested that the giant molecules must have undergone various types of combination forming the complex masses, so called coacervates. The enzymes have developed before the cells. Gradually, the gene aggregates because surrounded by enzymes which formed the cytoplasm. These enzymes could have combined the nitrogen bases, simple sugar and phosphates in to the nucleotides. Nucleotides might have combined to form DNA and RNA. The nucleoproteins marked the beginning of life. Formation of nucleoproteins is the most important event in the origin of life. Some protein fatty acids organized around the coacervates to form the surface membrane.Some...

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Origin of life

life is an inherent capacity that an organism posses to maintain and reproduce itself. most of the ideas on the origin of life fall in to either of the following four theories: Theory of special creation proposed by a Spanish monk, Father Saurez.This theory assumes that life was created by some supernatural power, beyond the analytic capacity of physics and chemistry. According to Christianity the Bible states that the creator formed all living organisms with in six natural days. Materia prima on first day, plants on the third day,fish and fowl on fourth day...

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Origin of earth

The age of earth has been computed to be about 4.6 billion years. The earth was initially supposed to have originated as a result of collapse and condensation of the interstellar clouds of gases and the dust, so called nebula. The present hypothesis proposed by Holy and Lyttleton (1939) suggested in to be a part broken off from the sun. It was though that: Originally the earth was a fiery spinning ball of hot gases, and vapours of various elements. The temperature was so high(about 5000-6000). The elements like hydrogen, oxygen, carbon and nitrogen could not exist in free state, rather they combined variously to form oxides, carbides, and nitrides....

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Introduction of science

Science is derived from Latin word Scientia, means to know(knowledge). science is an organized and dynamic knowledge about natural phenomena with reference to various object of nature. scientific knowledge is based on repeatable observations, experimentation and interference derived from the same. science deals with natural phenomena. The various branches of science are called natural science. The scientific extension of human curiosity has given birth to the science of Biology. Natural scienceIt is of two types;Physical and Biological Physical science are branches of organized knowledge which are connected with structures, phenomena...

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Environment of my surrounding

The term environment is related with our surrounding. Environment means the surrounding in which we live. The elements of our environment are sun, light, air, smoke, soil etc. In the case present time our environment is being polluted. Man is the main cause of this pollution. man is both construction and destruction for our environment. man plays great role in construction. there is interrelationship between man and environment. In the both case if one is effected then both have to suffer from great problem. Due to the daily activities and mischief human beings our environment being get polluted. If we were not take care of it in time then...

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